PATIENT-CENTERED CARE IN INDONESIA: POLICY, IMPLEMENTATION, AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS

Abstract

Healthcare systems worldwide are undergoing a significant transformation from a disease-centered model toward a patient-centered model that emphasizes patients' needs, values, preferences, and active participation in healthcare delivery. This paradigm shift reflects the recognition that high-quality healthcare is not solely measured by clinical outcomes but also by the extent to which healthcare services are safe, effective, equitable, timely, efficient, and responsive to individual patient expectations (World Health Organization [WHO], 2021; National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine [NASEM], 2022). As healthcare becomes increasingly complex due to population aging, the rising prevalence of chronic diseases, technological advancement, and growing public expectations, Patient-Centered Care (PCC) has emerged as one of the fundamental dimensions of healthcare quality and an essential strategy for achieving better health outcomes